The list of men lost is at this link. [54] Captain James Somerville relieved Monroe on 1 December and he was relieved in his turn on 16 March 1929 by Captain John C. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. During her early-1930s refit, the platforms were removed from the turrets and a retractable catapult was installed on the roof of 'X' turret, along with a crane to recover a floatplane. To control these guns a temporary High-Angle Control Position was mounted above the torpedo-control tower aft. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". [70], Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 September and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later. ", Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos, Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . (Cdr. The damage allowed over 1,000 long tons (1,016t) of water to flood the stern and nearly knocked out the ship's steering gear. They and the sacrifice they made will never be forgotten. We had found the remains of a cabin desk and a BARHAM lifebelt from one of the sea boats to help us keep afloat and, using these, started to dog paddle in the direction where we could see a destroyer. The Board of Enquiry into the sinking ascribed the final explosion to a fire in the 4-inch magazines outboard of the main 15-inch magazines, which would have then spread to and detonated the contents of the main magazines. She helped to sink an Italian heavy cruiser and a destroyer during the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941 and was damaged by German aircraft two months later during the evacuation of Crete. BARHAM was an old timer of the QUEEN ELIZABETH class, and a veteran of the Battle of Jutland. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. Pridham-Wippell), and Squadron Signal Officer of the 1st Battle Squadron. When Richard came round, he was underwater. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. Print This Page. A salvo of torpedoes from a German submarine struck from close range on HMS Barham on November 25, 1941 in the Mediterranean. [65] Most of the adjacent compartments flooded and the ship took on a 7 degree list that was countered by transferring fuel oil to starboard. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). Everything fits," said Mr Mearns, who sets out the case in his book The Shipwreck Hunter. Egypt Mar Sidi Barrani. Goebbels has a reputation as a skilful propagandist but on this occasion he was ineffective, at least as far as international opinion was concerned. During the third week in November, 1941, there was evidence that two convoys were being despatched from Italy to Benghazi to reinforce the Africa Korps. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. The number of hits cannot be confirmed, but it is believed that she and Valiant made 23 or 24 hits between them, making them two of the most accurate warships in the British fleet. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. The ship participated in the Silver Jubilee Fleet Review for George V on 16 July at Spithead[58] and was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet at the end of August. Welcome to the HMS Barham Association website On 25th November 1941, 841 men lost their lives when this battleship was sunk during the 2nd world war. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. She had a normal displacement of 32,590 long tons (33,110t) and displaced 33,260 long tons (33,794t) at deep load. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. While sailing eastwards, the aircraft carrier Illustrious was detached from the main body to attack Taranto on the night of 11/12 November, damaging three Italian battleships. Beatty continued south for another two minutes to confirm the sighting before ordering his force to turn north, towards the Grand Fleet in what came to be known as the "Run to the North". Full title reads: "HMS BARHAM 1914 - 1941". The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. During the Second World War, a spate of misfortunes had dogged the HMS Barham. "It was by an air vent from the engine room that was hit and all this smoke came pouring up. [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. Nov 24, 2021. [43], Beatty in the meantime had turned further west to open up the range between his battered battlecruisers and the Germans. At 14:15, Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. [35], At 16:30, the light cruiser Southampton, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet coming north at top speed. [100] The crew are commemorated by a memorial bench, located in Nothe Gardens, Weymouth. Her complete service history can be found. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. "There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, aged 93.". The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. As the British battleships were manoeuvring to take up their positions, the submarine Bvziers fired a spread of four torpedoes at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500m). HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. Barham quickly capsized to port and was lying on her side when a massive magazine explosion occurred about four minutes after she was torpedoed and sank her. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. Tiesenhausen was not certain of the results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. Scheer turned south again, then steered south-eastward to pursue a lone British battle squadron sighted by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers under Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt. [Note 5], Evan-Thomas continued his turn until his ships were steering due north, which interposed the 5th Battle Squadron between Hipper's battlecruisers,[38] which had reversed course around 16:48 to follow Beatty north,[39] and Beatty's ships. Actually, my last time in Pearl (around 1994) I saw petrol bubbles coming from the wreck. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. He went on to serve as a gun range finder aboard HMS Nelson, involved in bombarding German defences in Normandy on D-Day. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. They set several merchant ships on fire, but again failed to hit the latter at a range of 17,000 yards (15,500m) before breaking off fire at 13:20. Jones refers to the 861 men listed in the casualty list published by, Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven & Roberts, pp. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. U-boat commander Fritz Julius Lemp had mistaken the liner for an armed cruiser and the German naval authorities tried to cover up the sub's actions. Pictures - Barham HMS (04) [+1941] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home; wrecks. In addition, a pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers 0.5in (12.7mm) AA machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. [54] Dalglish was relieved in his turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922. Reblogged this on battleoftheatlantic19391945 and commented: Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. The Italian ships and the British arrived almost simultaneously at Pola's location, but the Italians had almost no clue that the British were nearby. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). Of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were killed. At 17:45 he turned eastwards to take his position in front of the Grand Fleet and re-engage Hipper's ships. [53] Barham participated in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at Spithead. last updated: andrew gillespie [52] Captain Robin Dalglish relieved Horne on 1 October 1920. Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. However, as the ship plunged to the sea floor, a surge of water pushed Richard upwards. Richard worked as a shop floor foreman at Ratby Engineering, in Leicester, until 1982. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. [54] Captain Henry Horan assumed command on 28 July 1937, although he only remained in command until 22 April 1938 when he was relieved by Captain Algernon Willis. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. After temporary repairs at Scapa, Barham was sent to Cromarty Firth for more permanent repairs in the floating dry dock there that lasted until 23 December. Searching the seafloor for sunken ships in this way is usually a wasted pursuit because of the dearth of high-resolution sonar data. Hindered by poor visibility, no significant damage was inflicted and Richelieu was not hit before the bombardment was called off after 20 minutes. "It was the strangest thing. The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor. 2. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. What is more, the coordinates are very close to those sent out by the Athenia's radio officer in his distress call, and recorded in the logbooks of the vessels that came to the rescue. The rescue effort by six other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony. Clinging to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, along with other survivors. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. Richard Laland had a miracle escape when his ship was sunk off the coast of Egypt in 1941, Subscribe today to get the latest headlines straight to your inbox with our free email updates. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. The footage is at the end of this post. [1][2], Barham had a length overall of 643feet 9inches (196.2m), a beam of 90feet 7inches (27.6m) and a deep draught of 33 feet (10.1m). Sinking of Royal Navy Battleship HMS Barham.A legendary battleship with a history at Jutland, during World War 2 HMS Barham was stationed with the Royal Navy's Eastern Mediterranean fleet in Egypt.. On the afternoon of the 24th November of 1941, HMS Barham, sailed to provide cover for the 7th and 15th Royal Navy Cruiser Squadrons. [45], Barham fired 337 fifteen-inch shells and 25 six-inch shells during the battle. Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. During this time BARHAM was bombed and severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs. 271, 275, 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986, pp. But barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there's a very, very high probability that that's Athenia. I assumed that this had happened because the submarine Captain had fired all his bow tubes at once, and had not compensated quickly enough with seawater to keep the conning tower below the surface. The British had recently broken the Italian codes and sailed after dark on the 27th to intercept the Italians. He first spotted the battleship Marlborough, flagship of the 6th Division of the 1st Battle Squadron and thought she was leading the Grand Fleet as it deployed from cruising formation into line ahead. She was sunk during the Second World War on 25 November 1941 by the German submarine U-331 . Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. On 24 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. Something went wrong, please try again later. A very detailed account by a surviving officer of her loss is at this link. Anniversary Cruise: Sydney under Japanese Attack, Garden Island Northern Hill and Garden Tour, Night of the midget subs Sydney under attack, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 1, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 2, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 3. It is the first wreck in his consultancy career "which I've identified from my armchair, so to speak". (Lt. Cdr. Battleship sunk on 25 of November 1941. . One of these hits also started several major fires inside the hull. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. The last shell passed all the way through the ship without detonating; it struck and dislodged a 100-millimetre (3.9in) armour plate on the waterline on the other side of the ship that caused also some flooding. These two hits were ultimately responsible for the massive flooding that nearly sank the ship after the battle. [3], The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) 15-inch (381mm) Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. The torpedo from U-30 struck the Athenia at 7:38 that evening. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo off the coast of Egypt on November 25, 1941. The ship had been hit amidships by torpedoes on the port side. [88] Repairs were completed six weeks later on 30 July and the ship returned to Alexandria in August where she resumed her role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron. HMS Barham was at the time engaged in an operation to engage potential enemy convoys, together with the other two battleships of the Mediterranean Fleet, HMS Queen Elizabeth (flag) and HMS Valiant, escorted by nine destroyers. The German objective was to bombard Sunderland on 19 August, based on extensive reconnaissance conducted by Zeppelins and submarines. Possibly due to her closeness to Valiant's bow wave and discharging the torpedoes, the boat's conning tower broached the surface and was fruitlessly engaged by one of the battleship's "pom-pom"s at a range of about 30 yards (27m). While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. If it happened, British Path filmed it. At 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response to the spot report. [49] Barham was refitted at Rosyth from 723 February 1918[50] and Waller was relieved by Captain Henry Buller on 18 April. On her return I teamed up with P-W again when he shifted his flag back to the, Battleships. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, 60 miles (97km) behind him. En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. The Germans said he had ordered a British submarine to fire on the Athenia as part of a plot to force Washington's hand. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. She started off World War II by being torpedoed off Liverpool, and after being patched up was in trouble again during a bombardment of Oran, when she was hit by Free French shore batteries. To the untrained eye, sonar imagery can be difficult to interpret, but Mr Mearns says the dimensions of the target match exactly what would be expected of a 160m-long, 13,500-tonne passenger liner. Two minutes later, Beatty ordered a course change to east-southeast, positioning the British ships to cut off the German's line of retreat, and signalled action stations. 137144, 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom", https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-enemy-action-wwii, HMS Barham Explodes & Sinks: World War II (1941), List of dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Barham_(04)&oldid=1131403965, World War I battleships of the United Kingdom, World War II battleships of the United Kingdom, Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II, World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 5,000nmi (9,260km; 5,750mi) at 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 00:34. After a delay of several weeks the War Office notified the next of kin, but they added a special request for secrecy: the notification letters included a warning not to discuss the loss of the ship with anyone but close relatives, stating it was "most essential that information of the event which led to the loss of your husband's life should not find its way to the enemy until such time as it is announced officially"[98] Following repeated claims by German radio,[99] the Admiralty officially announced the loss on 27 January 1942 and explained that, it was clear at that time that the enemy did not know that she had been sunk, and it was important to make certain dispositions before the loss of this ship was made public. Expert opinion there 's a very, very high probability that that 's.... +1941 ] - wreck WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home ; wrecks )... Engine room that was hit and all this smoke came pouring up very very... 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